与“瓷”俱进——新石器时代补充与总结
The Evolution of Ceramics – Supplement and Summary of the Neolithic Culture
新石器时代的文化遗存很多，主要发源在我国的长江流域与黄河流域以陶器为主，兼及我国的西南、东南、东北、西北地区的新石器时代陶器。
There are many cultural relics of the Neolithic Age, mainly pottery originating in the Yangtze River and Huanghe River basins in China, as well as pottery in the southwest, southeast, northeast, and northwest regions of China.
黄河流域，早期有1975年发现的河北武安县磁山文化和1977年发现的河南郑县的裴李岗文化。据碳-14测定新石器时代早期约为公元前5000～公元前6000年。和中晚期，1921年在河南渑池县仰韶村发现的仰韶文化、1924年在甘肃临洮县马家窑文化出土的马家窑文化陶器、1959年在山东宁阳大汶口发现的大汶口文化、1928年在山东章丘县龙山镇城子崖发现的龙山文化等测定时间在公元前4000年到公元前1580年之间。
In the Huanghe River basin, there are the Cishan Culture in Wu'an County, Hebei Province, discovered in 1975, and the Peiligang Culture in Zheng County, Henan Province, in 1977, of the early Neolithic Age, which is about 5000 to 6000 BC according to carbon-14; In the middle and late periods, between 4000 BC and 1580 BC, there are the Yangshao culture in Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Henan Province, discovered in 1921, the Majiayao culture in Lintao County, Gansu Province, in 1924, the Dawenkou culture in Dawenkou, Ningyang County, Shandong Province, in 1959, and the Longshan culture in Chengziya Site, Longshan Town, Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province, in 1928.
长江流域，有在四川巫山大溪镇的大溪文化和在湖北京山屈家岭的屈家岭文化、南京北阴阳营的阴阳营文化以及在浙江余姚河姆渡的河姆渡文化、浙江嘉兴马家浜的马家浜文化、浙江杭州良渚的良渚文化等约在公元前4360年到公元前1890年。
In the Yangtze River basin, from about 4360 B.C. to 1890 B.C, there are the Daxi culture in Daxi Town, Wushan, Sichuan Province, and the Qujialing culture in Qujialing, Jingshan, Hubei Province, the Yingyanying culture in Beiyinyangying, Nanjing City, and the Hemudu culture in Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, the Majiabang culture in Majiabang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, and the Liangzhu culture in Liangzhu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.
除此之外，东南地区还有江西的万年仙人洞、福建金门蚵壳墩、广西桂林甑皮岩、台湾台北大岔坑和广东灵山滑岩洞。其中已定名的有福建闽侯昙石山文化、江西修水的山背文化和广东的石峡文化。西南地区有云南大墩子遗址和西藏自治区部分遗址。北部地区有辽宁沈阳的新乐文化、内蒙古赤峰的红山文化及巴林左旗富河沟的富河文化、黑龙江省密山新开流文化等。
In addition, in the southeast of China, there are also Xianrendong in Wannian, Jiangxi Province, Kekedun in Jinmen, Fujian Province, Zengpiyan in Guilin, Guangxi Province, Dachakeng in Taipei, Taiwan Province, and Huayandong in Lingshan, Guangdong Province. Among them, there are the Tanshishan culture in Minhou, Fujian Province, the Shanbei culture in Xiushui, Jiangxi Province, and the Shixia culture in Guangdong Province. In the southwest of China, there are the Dadunzi Site in Yunnan Province and some sites in the Tibet Autonomous Region. In the northern China, there are the Xinle Culture in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, the Hongshan Culture in Chifeng, and the Fuhe Culture in Fuhegou, Balin Left Banner, Inner Mongolia, and the Xinkailiu Culture in Mishan, Heilongjiang Province, etc..